Einstein was hailed as the greatest human scientist after Galileo and Newton, and was one of the founders and founders of modern physics. His great contributions and his imagination have been in contact with students since childhood.
The theory of relativity is Einstein’s greatest discovery, which stems from a series of thought experiments, that is, everything is assumed, deduced, and inferred in his mind, so his imagination and thinking ability are respected in every possible way. The theory of relativity, especially the general theory of relativity, predicted wonderfully a series of strange phenomena in the universe, but when these universe phenomena were derived from the theory of relativity, Einstein was so shocked that he couldn’t believe it or even denied it.
Repeatedly cosmological constant of
the year when Einstein’s general theory of relativity and gravitational research, human knowledge of astronomy is still very backward, that the universe is static and stable space – neither expansion nor contraction. But Einstein’s formula surprised him: the formula showed that the universe was either expanding or contracting, but it couldn’t keep still!
Faced with such a formula that does not conform to “common sense”, Einstein felt that his only option was to introduce an additional factor so that his theory would lead to a static universe. This additional factor is the cosmic constant. The more accurate term for the cosmic constant is the “cosmic constant”, which represents an invisible energy in a vacuum, and its density is a constant, which will generate cosmic repulsion. In contrast to gravity, it increases as the distance between celestial bodies increases. This is an imaginary force to counteract the effect of gravity. Cosmic constant refers to the constant energy density in this cosmic space. As long as we adjust this constant, we can balance the gravitational force and the repulsive force of the universe to obtain a static and closed universe.
Many years later, Hubble, an American astronomer, discovered that the universe was expanding and overturned the static universe view. At this time, Einstein realized his mistake, and hurriedly removed the cosmic constant term in the equation, and called the universe constant “The biggest mistake of my life” for myself.
However, it is surprising that with the continuous research on the expanding universe, astronomers have found that the expansion rate is increasing (outer galaxies are accelerating away from the Milky Way), but have not found what is causing the accelerated expansion, so they envisioned dark matter and dark Energy, especially dark energy, is likely to be this mysterious factor. The discovery of dark energy tells us that not only does Einsteiner exist as a cosmic constant that counteracts gravity, it has also greatly disturbed our universe and caused the universe’s expansion rate to be seriously out of control. After a series of twists and turns, the universe constant abandoned by Einstein is resurrected in time.
Hesitations of gravitational waves
Gravitational waves are ripples in the fabric of spacetime, a few years ago by scientists to actually detect. It gives astronomers a new way to study the universe, and it heralds the beginning of a new era of astronomy. It is also a major verification of Einstein’s related theory, because the general theory of relativity he proposed 100 years ago concluded that gravitational waves must exist.
However, in the 20 years since the publication of the general theory of relativity, Einstein has been uncertain about the existence of gravitational waves. Because during the calculation, Einstein discovered that there was a “singularity” somewhere in space and time, which meant that the magnitude of gravitational waves could not be represented there numerically. Since the singularity cannot be expressed, it proves that gravitational waves do not exist. So Einstein wrote a paper and sent it for publication, announcing that gravitational waves did not exist.
In fact, the problem lies in singularities rather than gravitational waves. That singularity is just a coordinate singularity, like the North Pole. Coordinates can be expressed in latitude and longitude anywhere on the earth, with the exception of the north (south) pole, as all meridians pass there. It cannot be represented by numbers, this does not mean that the North Pole does not exist, let alone that it cannot be reached there. So at that so-called singularity, gravitational waves can still reach. After the reviewer received Einstein’s paper, he wrote a 10-page report pointing out that the paper might be wrong, and returned it. Einstein was angry about it.
Other inferences do not believe that
because of the gravity distorted according to general relativity, time and space, and finally the inevitable emergence of an extreme – a black hole. Black hole is an extremely special existence in the universe, where all the rules of the universe do not work there, so it has become an important part of astronomy research. But Einstein didn’t care about the black hole, and didn’t study it deeply.
There is also space-time distortion, that is, the effect of large-mass distort space-time distortion is very obvious, and it will form a lens-like effect. It is equivalent to refracting light, changing the direction of light coming from a distant light source, and re-emitting it. Einstein believed in the result, but did not believe that people could see it, and wrote in the paper that “this phenomenon cannot be observed directly.” However, in 1979, astronomers observed an image formed by a quasar. This is the phenomenon of gravitational lensing.
Einstein was almost skeptical of the cosmic phenomena derived from his theory, which shows that the general theory of relativity was too advanced, and the strange phenomena of the universe it predicted could not be observed and confirmed at the time, and it also violated the common sense of science at that time. Even Einstein, who had so much imagination, could not accept it.
